Opto-twistronic Hall Effect in a Three-dimensional Spiral Lattice

Jun 16, 2025
(Left) An atomic force microscope image showing a sample of twisted layers of WS₂ (a material made of tungsten and sulfur). The scale bar represents 4 micrometers (4 millionths of a meter). (Right) A diagram showing how the Hall effect (a sideways voltage) was measured in the twisted material. The red arrow represents the path of electrons, while V0 and VH are the voltages applied and measured in the experiment.
(Left) An atomic force microscope image showing a sample of twisted layers of WS₂ (a material made of tungsten and sulfur). The scale bar represents 4 micrometers (4 millionths of a meter). (Right) A diagram showing how the Hall effect (a sideways voltage) was measured in the twisted material. The red arrow represents the path of electrons, while V0 and VH are the voltages applied and measured in the experiment.

Studies of moire systems have explained the effect of superlattice modulations on their properties, demonstrating new correlated phases. However, most experimental studies have focused on a few layers in 2D systems. Extending twistronics to three dimensions, in which the twist extends into the third dimension, remains underexplored because of the challenges associated with the manual stacking of layers. In this work, three-dimensional twistronics are studied using a self-assembled twisted spiral superlattice of multilayered WS2.

Here, an opto-twistronic Hall effect was identified, driven by structural chirality and coherence length, and modulated by the moire potential of the spiral superlattice. This supertwisted system bridges 2D and 3D twistronics, overcoming length scale differences between electrons and photons to enhance optical nonlinearities beyond simple optical selection rules and pushes the boundaries of light-induced quantum phenomena.

The model suggests contributions from higher-order quantum geometric quantities to this observation, providing opportunities for designing quantum-materials-based optoelectronic lattices with large nonlinearities.

Authors

Song Jin (University of Wisconsin) and Ritesh Agarwal (University of Pennsylvania)

Additional Materials

Designing Materials to Revolutionize and Engineer our Future (DMREF)